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Each monograph summarizes the essentials of a compound in a uniform format. Use them as a quick reference and as an integration of everything studied.
01
Semaglutide
Metabolic · GLP-1- Class: GLP-1 receptor agonist, acylated analog.
- Target / mechanism: GLP-1 receptor; glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, gastric slowing and central satiety.
- Key pharmacology: resistance to DPP-4 and acylation with a C18 fatty diacid that binds it to albumin → half-life ~1 week (weekly administration).
- Context: the class reference; SUSTAIN/STEP programs and cardiovascular signal (SELECT).
02
Tirzepatide
Metabolic · dual GIP/GLP-1- Class: dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors.
- Target / mechanism: balanced co-activation of both incretin pathways, with greater metabolic magnitude than GLP-1 agonism alone.
- Key pharmacology: a single acylated molecule with weekly action; synergistic GIP+GLP-1 effect.
- Context: SURPASS (glycemia) and SURMOUNT (weight) programs.
03
Retatrutide
Metabolic · triple agonist- Class: triple GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon agonist.
- Target / mechanism: adds glucagon agonism to the incretin effect, which increases energy expenditure and mobilizes hepatic lipids.
- Key pharmacology: the newest frontier; early-phase data with notable metabolic magnitude.
- Context: active research in metabolic body composition.
04
Cagrilintide
Metabolic · amylin- Class: long-acting amylin analog.
- Target / mechanism: amylin receptors; satiety and regulation of gastric emptying through a pathway complementary to incretins.
- Key pharmacology: synergy when combined with semaglutide (co-formulation under investigation).
- Context: a combination strategy to enhance weight management.
05
BPC-157
Tissue repair- Class: pentadecapeptide (15 aa) derived from a protein in gastric juice.
- Target / mechanism: angiogenesis via VEGF, modulation of nitric oxide and gut-brain axes; repair signaling in tendon, ligament, muscle and mucosa.
- Key pharmacology: relative stability in gastric medium, uncommon among peptides.
- Context: mostly preclinical evidence; human translation under investigation.
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